If all of this information is available to a vehicle, its localization can be immensely improved. Furthermore, the HD map includes road signs, traffic signs, and various props lining the road. An HD map involves not only the route of the road and the number of lanes lying on it but also all their geometric features and their position in the coordinate system of the world. HD maps are usually based on laser measurements, thus the accuracy of each road element can be around 2 centimeters. Self-driving vehicles also need maps - just like us drivers - for route plans, but traditional maps are often inaccurate and contain significantly less information than so-called High Definition Maps. In spite of the fact that vehicles can sense their environment accurately, they also need other sources of help to perform some of their functions. At first, we might think that the advanced sensors mounted on self-driving vehicles are already working well enough to know all the information about their environment. Both self-driving vehicles and driving assistance systems require a large amount of information to function properly.

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